Agricultural Greenhouses: Resource Management Technologies and Perspectives for Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Resource management in agriculture is considered a pivotal issue because greenhouse farming and agriculture-related activities generate about 10–29% of all global gas emissions. The problem high emissions still unresolved due to the rapid expansion arable land meet food demand. purpose this systematic literature review was new perspectives insights regarding development resource optimized environments greenhouses, thereby lowering energy requirements CO2 This sought answer what technologies inventions could be used achieve zero through efficient energy-saving mechanisms while considering their technical economic viability. synthesis findings led several themes which included techniques for systems that reduced unfavorable external conditions renewable systems. Other identified regarded storage systems, managing carbon capture storage, factors influencing performance different enhance ensure also revealed various design greenhouses including proportional–integral–derivatives (PID), fuzzy, artificial neural networks, other intelligent algorithms. Additionally, were combination these algorithms examined. use insulation panels shading Greenhouse covers by smart glass sensors, Internet Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI) Renewable PV (solar) panels, wind turbines, geothermal electricity. Some thermal widely studied recent research underground (UTES) (for seasonal storage), phase-change materials (PCMs), water tanks, are address short-term shortages peak loads. adoption above purposes constrained fact there no isolated technology enable agricultural producers energy, emissions, optimal utilization short term. Future studies should establish whether it economical large companies install infrastructure slow fertilizer release structures offset footprint.